Back in 1992, a registered nurse named Carla Joinson wrote about coping with the feelings of dread, irritability, and chronic physical fatigue she and other nurses sometimes experienced on the job.
She gave the cluster of feelings a single label that stuck: Compassion fatigue.
What is compassion fatigue?
A few years after Joinson used the term, an MD and professor offered a formal definition. He described compassion fatigue as an “extreme state of tension and preoccupation with the suffering of those being helped to the degree that it can create a secondary traumatic stress for the helper.”
Most formal studies focus on compassion fatigue in nurses, physicians, and other healthcare professions, but as we’ve seen with burnout, people across all roles and industries can experience it.
“It’s typically observed in people who spend their time helping others, such as social workers and other mental health professionals but can impact anyone who cares for or spends time with those who are stressed or suffering,” explains a comparison piece from Charlie Health.
Compassion fatigue also doesn’t limit its range only to professional/paid caregivers. Unpaid caregivers, most notably parents, can also run out of compassion.
How is compassion fatigue different from burnout?
The two issues are complex, interconnected, and very similar. One key differentiator:
- Burnout is associated with directly experiencing workplace stress.
- Compassion fatigue is associated with absorbing the stress of others in the workplace.
Charlie Health breaks it down: “Compassion fatigue comes from consistently dealing with others’ trauma, while burnout, on the other hand, arises from prolonged, unmanaged stress.”
Common symptoms you might observe in yourself or others include:
- Fatigue
- Rumination
- Irritability
- Apathy
- Lack of joy, happiness, or motivation
- New or worsened physical aches and ailments, such as headaches and digestive upset
- Experiencing feelings of dread or hopelessness at the thought of day-to-day work
Varieties of work linked with compassion fatigue include:
- Work that focuses on service.
- Work that is highly demanding and also carries high stakes.
- Work that involves frequent contact with other’s pain, suffering, needs, or problems.
- Work that requires taking responsibility for the wellness, health, needs, and safety of others.
How can you recover from compassion fatigue?
The bottom line about compassion fatigue is that it very often occurs when workplace demands result in an imbalance between outbound and inbound care. That said, recovery strategies often focus on self-care that can restore someone’s ability to show compassion to others.
During an interview with Medical Professionals Reference (MPR), an MD and advocate for burnout prevention suggested go-to activities such as meditating, exercising, and spending quality time with loved ones. He also offered a few of his own more creative strategies.
Use a calendar to gauge your work-life-balance at a glance.
“Almost everyone has a weekly work calendar,” he told MPR. “I suggest that you also create a weekly ‘life calendar’ and keep it on your cell phone together with your work calendar. Include in your ‘life calendar’ those things you would like to create a work-life balance.”
“If you are unable to find anything to do because work is taking up all of your time, this is the first clue that something needs to be changed on the work front so that you can begin to include non-work activities in your life.”
Establish and stick to a powerful end-of-day ritual.
“I recommend some type of “boundary ritual” at the end of the workday,” he said, explaining that the ritual works kind of like an “off” switch on work mode.
“Your boundary ritual is anything you do at the boundary between work and home while telling yourself, ‘With this action, I am coming all the way home.’ For some people, it might be walking the dog, taking a shower, having a cup of tea, or simply taking a deep breath when you turn the doorknob of your home.”